A - Z of Fabrics
A – Z of Fabrics
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Acrylic Fibre |
An artificial fibre containing nitrite |
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Azoic dyes |
Mostly used in Batik work, they are ‘cold dyes’ containing the azoic group |
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Basic dyes |
These contain basic amino group and t heir use is in natural cellulosic fibre in an alkaline dye bath |
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Bath |
It’s a basic solution, where a chemical process is carried out |
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Basket Weave |
Its also called matt weave |
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Blanket |
It’s a heavy fabric having a raised finish |
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Blending |
The term means mixing of different firbre in a specified proportion so as to get advantages in the end result accruing from the properties of the blended fabrics |
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Bleaching |
A chemical process undertaken for improving the whiteness of a fabric, yarn or a fibre (retaining the natural colour) |
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Bleeding |
When a fabric looses it colour when in contact with a solvent |
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Blinding |
This happens when the lustre of textiles is removed |
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Blind stitch |
BouAn invisible stictch n the fabric face of the garment |
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Boucle |
A yarn which has tight loops formed across it length |
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Brighteners |
These are chemical constituents which when added to detergents increase the brightness of the fabric |
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Brocade |
Used extensively for silk saris, this fabric has very exquisite effects by using satin weaves against a plain weave background |
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Brushing |
The end result of this finishing processs is a raised effect, it involves passing the fabric over two or more brushes |
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Calendaring |
It’s a finishing process for promoting smoothness and shine to a fabric texture |
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Contemporary |
Currently in vogue |
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Cool Colours |
Blue, Violet and Green are regarded as cool colours |
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Calico |
A plain weave cotton fabric having a medium cover factor |
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Cambric |
A light weight closely woven fabric (cottons or iinen) |
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Chambray |
A light net plain weave of cotton. A blend of synthetic yarn |
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Checks |
A pattern made up of squares |
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Cavalry twill |
A warp faced heavy weight fabric having double twill lines separated by grooves. |
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Colour Fastness |
The property of which the dyed material has resistance against bleeding on washed or exposed to light, gas , rubbing |
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Combed Yarn |
A yarn with carded or combed slivers |
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Composite Yarn |
This yarn is made of both staple and filament fibres |
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Cord |
A general term used for (a) plied (b) cabled yarns and structures |
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Corduroy |
Cut pile having cords or ribs in the warp direction e.g. cut velveteen fabrics |
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Cotton |
Natural vegetable fibre obtained from seed hair of plants of the gossipyum family |
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Curing |
The process of the setting of resin or plastic |
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Count |
The ratio of yarn or a fibre’s weight to its length |
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Count of cloth |
The number of pics per inch/cm and ends per inch/cm in the cloth |
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Direct dyes |
Dyes made of vegetable fibres |
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Disperse dyes |
Dyes used only for synthetic fabrics |
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Drill |
A twill weave piece dyed fabric, it is usually made in 0.7m width |
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Discharge (Printing) |
A method employed in printing whereby applying |
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Dupion |
A fabric woven from imitation silk (artificial silk) |
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Elastic Fabric |
A fabric having extendable properties |
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Embossing |
A method whereby a raised or depressed image is achieved by passing the fabric through heated rollers |
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Embroidery |
A method whereby a decorative pattern was sewn by hand or with a sewing machine, now more often carried out by computerized control of multi head embroidery stations |
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Embroidery Lace |
Embroidery on lace material |
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Fabric |
The term used to describe all materials whether they be made of fibres, yarns, lace etc |
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Fastness |
The resistance a material provides the agent |
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Filament |
An artificial lengthy and continuous fibre |
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Finishing |
The Treatment given to a fabric to9 improve its look and texturing properties |
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Forte of a garment |
The strongest point of a garment |
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Fray |
When handling some fabrics – the threads are come loose and ‘ fray’ |
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Gaberdine |
A worsted fabric with a prominent twill face |
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Georgette |
Fine Crepe fabric with an alternative twisted tarn |
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Fad |
A term used for short term fashion trends |
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Grain |
A synomyn fof the lengthwise (yarn) and cross-wise (warp yarn) threads of a fabric |
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Hosiery |
Stockings |
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Haute Couture |
Hi fashion garments |
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Hue |
The shade and degrees of colour |
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Imitation Velvet |
Plain weave with small tufts of fibres joined by adhesive |
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Interlining |
A woven or non woven fabric layer between an inner and outer cloth wall to give insulation and shape |
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Jacquard |
A fabric created by a weaving machine that produces intricate patterns |
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Jersey |
A plain knit fabric |
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Lace |
Open work fabric |
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Lawn |
A thin and light cotton fabric |
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Lustre |
The gloss of textiles |
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Non woven |
Fabric from a web of fibres held together by various methods other than felting, colouring or interweaving |
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Organdy |
A fine stiff cotton fabric |
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Polyamide |
Polymerized product of alcohol and acids |
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Poplin |
A plain weave fabric with ribbed effect |
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Press Mark |
Undesirable shiny lines on the right side of the garment due to incorrect ironing |
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Pucker |
Drawn up into folds |
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Raw Silk |
Silk that comes form a silk worm cocoon with a small twist in the thread |
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Screenprinting |
A method whereby water based or plastic ink is forced through different sizes of mesh |
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Seam Line |
The line that shows where the seam should be stitched |
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Silhouette |
An outline of a garment |
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Spun Silk |
Silk yarn from a short filament |
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Suede Cloth |
A finish that resembles chamois leather |
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Staple |
The average length of a fibre |
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Surface Decoration |
Ornamental application to a fabric or garment |
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Tafetta |
Plain closely woven filament fabric |
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Tapestry |
Yarn dyed figured fabric in jacquard loom |
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Taper |
To decrease width gradually and bring it to an end point |
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Thread Count |
The number of warp and weft yarns on the square inch of a fabric (warp yarn x weft yarn per sq inch) |
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Trend |
Fashion is not static – it is constantly dynamic and moves in a definite direction. The direction that fashion moves is a direction |
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Trim |
To cut off the ragged edges below the seam line to prevent the garment from being bulky and to give the seam a neat finish |
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Terylene |
A synethtic polyester fibre |
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Tweed |
A rough fabric of wiry heavy wools invented by the English |
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Twill Weave |
Weft interlaced with warp to form diagonal wedges |
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Velour |
A cut pile fabric heavier than velvet, longer piles with fine |
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Warm Colours |
Colours like red, orange and yellow are classified as warm colours |
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Worsted Fabrics |
A fabric manufactured wholly by worsted yarns |
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Yarn |
A product of substantial length and relatively small cross sections consisting of fibres and/or filaments |
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